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The hereditary archive — a double-membraned vault where the cell's genetic blueprint is stored, copied and read.

A folded membrane workshop studded with ribosomes — the first address for proteins destined for secretion or the cell's membranes.

A tubular membrane studio devoted to lipids, steroids and detoxification — no ribosomes in sight.

A curved stack of membranes where proteins are refined, sorted, addressed and dispatched.

A sealed acidic chamber of digestive enzymes — the cell's controlled recycling facility.

The double-membraned powerhouse — where fuel is oxidised and ATP, the cell's energy currency, is made.

A floating particle of RNA and protein that reads genetic messages and assembles the cell's proteins.

A light-harvesting plastid that converts sunlight into chemical energy stored as sugar.

A fluid-filled chamber that stores, supports and steadies the cell from within.

A small sealed courier that shuttles cargo between compartments and to the cell surface.

A hollow tube of tubulin — a structural track for transport and the scaffold of movement.

A precise cylinder of microtubule triplets — the organiser of the cell's internal geometry.

A dynamic lattice of filaments that shapes the cell, moves its contents and pulls it apart.

Short rhythmic projections that sweep fluid across a cell surface or sense the world.

A long whip-like tail that propels a cell with a sustained undulating stroke.

The living barrier that separates the cell from the world and decides what may cross.

A rigid outer layer that braces the cell against pressure and gives tissues their strength.

The gel-like interior in which every other structure is suspended and most chemistry unfolds.

A colourless plastid that quietly banks starch — and in some tissues, senses gravity.

The prokaryote's naked, membrane-less genetic centre — the forerunner of the nucleus.

A sealed detoxification chamber where dangerous oxidants are made and neutralised in the same breath.

Living bridges through the wall — the channels that make a plant one continuous organism.

A small circular DNA extra — the bonus traits a prokaryote can share or shed.

A gelatinous outer armour that shields a prokaryote from the world's worst.

Numerous short hairs that let a bacterium grip where fluid would wash it away.

A thin protein filament for attachment, movement — and trading genes between cells.