Centriole
Animal Cells (absent in most higher plants)
A precise cylinder of microtubule triplets — the organiser of the cell's internal geometry.
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Rp 2.600.000
Rp 4.400.000
Specialized Animal Cells
Cilia
Rhythm at the surface.
Short rhythmic projections that sweep fluid across a cell surface or sense the world.
Rp 2.100.000
A note
The campaign imagery is a fictional luxury concept. Toggle to Scientific X-Ray for the labelled biological illustration.
Structure
Short, hair-like projections extending from the surface of certain eukaryotic cells and surrounded by the plasma membrane. Most motile cilia contain an internal axoneme composed of nine outer microtubule doublets surrounding two central microtubules, known as the 9+2 arrangement. Dynein motor proteins generate movement through ATP-dependent interactions between adjacent microtubules. Non-motile primary cilia generally have a 9+0 arrangement.
Function
Motile cilia generate coordinated beating movements that move fluids or particles across the cell surface or propel unicellular organisms through water. Non-motile primary cilia are involved in sensing extracellular signals.
Where Found
Certain animal cells and many unicellular eukaryotes. Generally absent from typical higher plant cells.
Why It Matters
Cilia enable specialised cells to move materials along their surfaces. For example, cilia in the respiratory tract move mucus containing trapped particles, while cilia in the oviduct help transport the egg. Primary cilia also participate in cellular signalling.
Structure → Function
In motile cilia ATP-powered dynein slides neighbouring microtubules. Connections between them turn sliding into bending so coordinated beating is produced.
Pairings
Rp 3.600.000
Flagellum
Specialized Eukaryotic Cells
A long whip-like tail that propels a cell with a sustained undulating stroke.
Plasma Membrane
All Cells
The living barrier that separates the cell from the world and decides what may cross.